In each section of the spine, destructive diseases can develop, but the high stress on the lower back due to the ambiguities of a person determines the appearance of changes in this segment.Osteochondrosis is accompanied by pain in the lower back.Only one doctor can correctly determine the symptoms and the treatment of the pathology.In therapy, medication and physical exercises in advanced stages are used, surgery may be required.The use of folk remedies is permitted as a supplement to the main treatment.
What is osteochondrosis
With osteochondrosis, a pathological change begins - with a pulpoic core of intervertebral discs with a gradual transition to the tissue of a fiber ring.It weakens, cannot withstand increasing stress, with a partial and then complete movement of the disc begins from its physiological position.This happens when fibrous fibers are increasingly withstanding pressure and breaking.
When the disc structure destroys, the destruction of nearby tissue is progressing.The participation of the next vertebrae, their joints and ligaments begins in the pathological process.Each vertebrae has a spongy substance from the inside and an external compact bone contour, which consists of records.The outer layer offers hardness and enables you to withstand heavy loads.The vertebra also has a red bone marrow that is responsible for hematopoiesis.
With osteochondrosis, complex vascular and biochemical changes occur for a long time.Bone tissue is constantly changing: some cells are destroyed, new ones come in their place.Usually the formation of more permanent and firmer cells is stimulated with constant loads.Therefore, the dominance of the dense fabric is formed in excessive overload.
The causes of pathology
Characteristics of modern life and a strong decrease in human motor activity lead to the weakening of the muscle fibers and a decrease in their sound.In the case of an average person, the back is mainly a curved position during the day, which leads to overstretching the flexion muscles.This factor is considered to be the main provocative of degenerative changes.
There are several theories about the origin of osteochondrosis:
- Involutionary.The etiology of the disease is the wear of the windows.This is particularly made easier by a seated lifestyle and the presence of bad habits.
- Muscle.Distances in the structure of the spinal column are due to underdevelop or weakening the muscle corset of the back or constant muscle cramps as well as inflammatory processes and the band device.It is believed that the incorrectly created muscle movement stereotype leads to degeneration.It contributes to the constant excessive overload of the involution of cartilage and other spine structures.
- Autoimmun.The process of destruction of vertebrae and intervertebral discs develops according to the same scheme as rheumatoid arthritis.Such an assumption is considered close to the truth, since biochemical diseases for collagenosis are very similar to changes in the windows of the windows, which leads to a deterioration of tissue and dystrophy.
The influence of the pathology of internal organs and the presence of constant microtraumas on the development of osteochondrosis has also been proven.
There is a theory of an inherited disposition of a person to this disease;Some doctors say that violations are sometimes caused by changing the metabolic processes and deviation of the work of the internal secretion.
In many patients with pronounced diseases, chronic venues are determined.
In connection with the slow progress, it is read that osteochondrosis develops under the influence of several etiological moments at the same time.
Development mechanism
All symptoms that are characteristic of a dystrophic disorder in the lumbar region can be divided into two large groups: internally (spinal) and extra -vertical.
The latter are divided into reflex and compression.Depending on the severity of the lesion and the presence of complications, four stages of illness are differentiated:
- The fibrous ring under the influence of excess loads and other factors begins to change the structure: cracks are formed on it.The substance of the jacket kernel penetrates it.Reflex reactions occur as a result of the irritation of fibers of the nerve, which inner perioste, the band apparatus and the fiber ring.Its irritation occurs through pressure when a hernia is formed, local edema or inflammation.Such a violation leads to the appearance of vasomotor or dystrophic changes.As a result, a person experiences severe pain, permanent or shooting.Reflex disorders in chronic osteochondrosis in the lumbar segment lead to the development of lumbago and lumbargia.And myofascial pain leads to limiting movements.Radiculopathy acts as a compression syndrome that is most common with the damage to the lumbosacral segment.
- The progression of the pathology leads to an increase in the prolapse of the intervertebral disc with its penetration into the epidural region.The vertebrae contract and exert different pressure on the nerve roots.It can be expressed in constant irritation or severe compression.These manifestations mark the second stage with the development of a discogenous radiculitis.Most of the time, such a phenomenon is observed from the fourth lumbar vertebra to the first sacred vertebrae.
- This phase is characterized by a continuation of the pressure of the hernia on the nervous and vascular bundle.This ends with the occurrence of paresis or paralysis in the extension muscle of the foot.At the same time, pain syndrome decreases or disappears.
- With the last degree, the blood supply and the innovation of the spinal cord are disturbed with the occurrence of discrisculatory myelopathy.Changes are stable and are difficult to adapt to the drug adjustment.
Clinical symptoms and syndrome
Manifestations of degenerative deviations in the lower back zone manifest themselves through pain and duration pain.In addition, a person feels fatigue that increases until the end of the day.He sleeps badly and is irritated.First, the symptoms pass after a night's sleep or are reduced in a horizontal position, but then painful sensations are observed in the morning.For this reason, the patient is forced to reduce his physical activity.
The problems of the lumbar region lead to irritation and inflammation of the nerve endings, including the inner -four organs of the pelvis.Therefore, with advanced pathology, urination is impaired that problems in the work of the internal genital organs are determined.In men, impotence develops against this background.
The radiation of pain and impairment of sensitivity concerns the lower extremities.The patient notices a burning feeling and "crawling goosebumps", the skin on the legs becomes pale, dry and lifting.
Osteochondrosis of the lumbar spine manifests itself in several syndromes, the degree of manifestation of which varies in different patients.
Koreshka
The pain in this case occurs as a result of the lesion of the roots, is acute, located in the damage area and goes into the zone of the lower leg, buttocks, the hips and feet.In order to reduce unpleasant sensations, one person changes the usual gait and tends to the back of the violations.The pain is accompanied by the sweating, which is replaced by chills, when attempts are made to move strongly after a rest.
Due to a decrease in muscle tone and its gradual atrophy, it becomes impossible to carry out ordinary work.In an advanced stage, the paralysis of the limbs develops, a violation of the work of internal organs in the pool.
Ischemic
Osteochondrosis is not only accompanied by damage to nerve endings in the lumbar industry, but also from blood vessels.Their compression leads to a cramp that becomes constant when it deteriorates.Clinically, this phenomenon manifests itself in the form of intermittent chroma.
The lack of nutrients and oxygen occurs in the organs of the pelvis.This worsens the problems of urination, defecation and effectiveness even more.
pain
The occurrence of pain is the earliest sign of osteochondrosis.Its intensity depends on the degree of damage.At first the pain in nature is short and disappears after rest, but from the beginning to be long and painful.The deterioration of the pathology leads to the occurrence of sharp fires with radiation in the leg, the groin area and buttocks.
In a late stage, suffering is caused not only by physical exertion, but also by coughing or sneezing.In the lumbar region, the muscle hardening that is in a constant spastic state is scanned.
Vertebrate
A significant deformation occurs in the event of constant pain, innervation and blood supply.About is not only striking in the area of the pathological process, the architectonics of the spine are disturbed.Musical tone decreases, the pelvis and pelvic skewers appear.The passage changes, becomes uncertain.A restructuring of the entire musculoskeletal system gradually occurs.
Complications of osteochondrosis
If you do not treat the disease in the early stages, complications are gradually developing, many of which significantly reduce the quality of life and even reduce the term.A neglected dystrophic process leads to the following violations:
- Muscle weakness, atrophy and asthenia;
- Violation of urination and bowel movements (incontinence);
- the development of a severe deformation of the spine in men in hard physical work and in women during pregnancy;
- Violation of potency in men;
- Reduced blood flow and the development of ischemia;
- Leadership and hernia of the intervertebral disc;
- Spondyl arthrosis (growth of spiked processes);
- Parese of the foot;
- Spondylose.
An important point when looking at the clinic of lumbar osteochondrosis is the presence of reflected pain.The injection of nerve rays leads to an irritation of internal (visceral) organs, which leads to pain and functions of the function in them.This explains the development of manifestations such as difficulties in breathing, arrhythmias and intestines that accompany the pathology of the spine.
Treatment methods
Various methods are used to treat osteochondrosis of the lumbar spine.
Medication
The medication for the treatment of the disease is NSAIDS.They enable them to remove the inflammatory process at the same time and reduce pain syndrome.At the same time, it is recommended to recommend local therapy with ointments and gels with anti -inflammatory effects with medication for internal use.Mostly sodium diclofenac is used, ibuprofen in tablets or capsules.Sometimes analgesics with intolerance to anti -inflammatory drugs are used.
In the event of severe pain, local blockages with novocaine or lidocaine will take place.In some cases, glucocorticoids with novocaine are used with pronounced inflammation during the paravertebral blockade.In this way you can influence the afferent conductivity and normalize the reflex activity of the parts of the nervous system above.
A good result in muscle spasms is shown by central muscle relaxants, a typical representative of this class is Midokalm.These drugs become anti -inflammatory anti -inflammatory anti -inflammatory anti -inflammatory anti -inflammatory, which fully reinforces the effect of anesthesia and the restoration of the movement.
Additional treatment with medication includes sedative and medication to normalize the work of the nervous system.Sometimes it is recommended to take antidepressants, antipsychotics or sedatives.
Vitamin complexes that include group B, vitamin D and calcium contribute to improving the nervous conductivity and metabolic processes.To restore the structure of the cartilage, a longer use of chondroprotectors is used.
Physiotherapy
Modern physiotherapy techniques are an essential part of the successful treatment of osteochondrosis of the lumbar spine.This includes:
- The use of currents of different frequency and intensity.Typically, a current effect with a force of up to 100 mA, amplipular (modulated currents), darsonvalization, electrophoresis with analgesic substance and proteolytic enzymes is used.Methods can improve blood circulation in the damage zone, restore metabolic processes, increase blood flow and deliver the drug directly to the point of use.
- Use of the laser.Its exposure reduces the activity of inflammation and pain, and if you are directed at the parapet points, you can restore the structure of the intervertebral discs.
- UFO.With the help of the radiation from ultraviolet, warming, the production of vitamin D and the optimization of the calcium metabolism are carried out.
- Magnetotherapy.It consists of the use of an induction magnet to restore regenerative processes at the level of cellular structures.
- Balneotherapy.It ensures the use of healing water and mud.For this purpose, the patient is recommended to take common and local baths, to carry out applications and compresses.
Physiotherapy and massage
An important connection in treatment is physical education.The implementation is mandatory, but the selection of the movements should be carried out by a specialist.With the classes you can restore the muscle tone, strengthen your fibers and expand the movement volume in the spine.In order to achieve a positive result, certain rules must be observed:
- You cannot do any exercises if you cause pain or excessive stress.You should start training under the control of a training therapist.
- Sports lessons have to be carried out regularly, only under this state does the formation of a sore muscles occur.
- Do not make movements sharp and too fast, usually an average or slow pace is recommended.
- The gymnastics is not carried out with an aggravation of an illness.
- In the event of a deterioration, you should set the exercise immediately and consult a specialist.
It is best to select exercises that are carried out in the position of lying and standing on all four.It is useful to stretch the spine, download the press and back.For such a patient, a good rehabilitation method is a visit to the pool after tightening osteochondrosis.
The massage is also an effective therapy method for osteochondrosis in the lumbar segment.
An experienced specialist will help improve the metabolic processes and the microcirculation in the violation zone and relieve muscle tension.The use of the massage in the acute period is extended in the presence of serious irreversible deformations, open wounds, rashes or burns on the skin.
operation
In the absence of the results of complex conservative therapy, it only remains the radical treatment method.It is to carry out a operation on the spine in order to eliminate the compression of nerve roots and the maximum possible restoration of the mobility of the spine or the stabilization of its affected segment.
Indications for the process are:
- Development of subordinate inter -back hernia;
- Severe pain that is not stopped by the use of medication and blockade;
- Complete decline in the hard disk with the development of caudal syndrome and ischemia;
- The formation of signs of radiculomilochemia.
In most cases, the patient is carried out by a microdisci domic if the bone tissue maintains its integrity and the rehabilitation process takes a short time.
There are other intervention methods:
- endoscopic nucleotomy;
- Laser vaccination of the hard drive;
- Plasma discs -Nucleoplastics.
Scientists around the world develop to implement prostheses that replace the intervertebral discs.This enables the patient to rehabilitate the patient after the operation and to reduce the likelihood of disability.
The use of traditional medicine
Together with the use of medication, folk methods are used to treat pain in the lower back of the lower back.You cannot replace the complete therapy of osteochondrosis, but make it possible to achieve remission in complex therapy:
- At home it is comfortable to use radishes or horseradish as compresses.They should be hacked on ripe, add a little sour sour cream and be applied to the lesion.
- You can pour boiling water onto a Burdockblatt and attach it to the lumbar spine.Put it over it with a down scarf and last an hour.
- Bodyaga in powder, diluted 1:30 with vegetable oil, helps well.The mixture gives a great heating compress that should be kept for an hour.
- It is useful to rub your lower back with liquid honey.However, this should be done correctly in order to achieve a strong bloodstorm to the sore stain.
- Ointment is used to remove pain in the lumbar spine.To manufacture, you have to take the same parts of ghee, campaign oil and horse -tired powder.After thoroughly mixing, the product is smeared on rye bread pieces and applied to the painful point.
Before using folk remedies, you should consult a doctor.
Prevention of the disease
In order to prevent the development of lumbar osteochondrosis and the renewal of the remission, the prevention rules should be followed:
- Avoid hypothermia;
- Do not lift heavy objects (the maximum permissible load for a woman is 5 kg for a man - 10 kg);
- Daily execution exercises that enable us to strengthen the sore muscles and the press.
- Take regular breaks with longer seat work and warm up.
- Always monitor your attitude when walking;
- Register possible sources for chronic infections regularly;
- Proper food and overweight prevent;
- Go at a moderate pace as long as possible;
- Visit a dance group, deal with swimming, sports, avoid sudden movements and strong jumps.
It is completely impossible to heal osteochondrosis because the changes in the spine are irreversible, but modern auxiliary methods help to restore the patient's quality of life over a long period of time.